See this example properly formatted in the QUT Cite tool.
(Author Year, Page)
(Chen 2017, 15)
(Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016, 12-23)
(ABS 2016, para. 12)
(Shaw 2018, 157; Tsai 2016a, 34)
(Tsai 2006b, 312)
In-text citations are placed in the text near sourced information. They provide basic information about the source - just enough to credit the source and allow the reader to locate the full reference in the reference list. The in-text citation may also include a page number, which directs the reader to the precise location - in the original source - of the information cited.
When citing the same page/s in the same source more than once in a paragraph, place the in-text citation after the last reference or at the end of the paragraph. When referring to different pages in the same source, place the in-text citation at the first reference; subsequent citations need only include page numbers.
For a personal author, use the family name only. For group authors, use the full name of the author when first citing the source, and for long names abbreviate the author in subsequent use.
See the button below for more instructions about:
When directly quoting from a source, include the page number or page range in the in-text citation. Do the same if you are paraphrasing information and wish to direct the reader to the relevant page/s.
For continuous pages, use a hyphen or dash to indicate the page range, e.g. (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016, 12-23). If the pages are discontinuous, place a comma between them, e.g. (Eggers 2013, 57, 65).
If a source does not use page numbers, use the paragraph or slide number preceded by "para. " or "slide ".
When a sentence uses information from more than one source, connect the citations with a semicolon.
Where multiple consecutive sentences use information from the same single source, it is not necessary to provide a citation after each of the sentences. It is sufficient to place a citation at the end of the consecutive sentences, or a paragraph, to cover the citable information in the preceding text. As a rule, however, this form of extensive citing should be used sparingly; focus instead on analysis, synthesis and the effective use of multiple sources.
There is flexibility in the use of the citation information. You may wish to discuss the author in the sentence - for example, to emphasise their status as an expert - to support your argument. Or you can synthesise sourced information and have the citation appear more discreetly, at the end of the sentence (just before the full stop). Make the citations work for the scholarly communication style being pursued. As long as the required citation information elements are included, and at least one of the elements ends up in round brackets, usage will be technically correct.
Chen (2005, 15) spoke about "self-determination" and inspired the people to seek freedom.
Self determination for Taiwan is a right, and seeking freedom is a duty (Chen 2005, 15).
The speech dealt with "self-determination" (15) and laid the basis for policy (Chen 2005).
Paraphrasing means rewriting, in your own words, information from another source. When paraphrasing you need to provide an in-text citation for the source.
Short quotations: when quoting text word for word from a source:Long quotations: when using quotes over about three sentences, that don't fit naturally in the paragraph:
Direct quotation copies word for word what is in the source, with these exceptions:
Some reference types have slightly different in-text citations. We include the in-text citation in the example for that type. See: